考研英語語法形式錯誤及糾錯分析
1.破句
破句又稱為“片語”,也是寫作中經常出現的錯誤之一。簡單地說,破句就是斷句,它在語義上是不完整的、在語法上是不正確的。如:
【例1】
誤:I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday.Trying to find a garage to repair my car.
正:I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday,trying to find a garage to repair my car.
【例2】
誤:Talking with an old friend usually reviving old memories.Such as college pranks,football games,and wartime experience.
正:Talking with an old friend,one can usually revive old memories,such as college pranks,football games,and wartime experience.
【例3】
誤:The class often starts late.For example,yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.
正:The class of ten starts late,for example,yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.
【例4】
誤:The whole area is honey combed by caves.Many of which are still unexplored.
正:The whole area is honey combed by caves,many of which are still unexplored.
【例5】
誤:Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction,but in scientific usage are given as decimal.
正:Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction,but in scientific usage they are given as decimal.
2.融合句
所謂融合句,就是兩個或兩個以上的句子沒有適當的'標點符號或連詞而融合在一起。如:
【例1】
誤:The girl made the fire the boy cooked the steaks.
正:The girl made the fire,and the boy cooked the steaks.
【例2】
誤:There is no fool who is happy no wise man who is not.
正:There is no fool who is happy,and no wise man who is not.(世上沒快樂的愚人,也沒有不快樂的智者。)
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【例3】
誤:The future is bright the road ahead is tortuous.
正:The future is bright while the road ahead is tortuous.
【例4】
誤:Everything starts from nothing,and begins with each tiny bit of contribution.Try it you may succeed.
正:Everything starts from nothing,and begins with each tiny bit of contribution.Try it,and you may succeed.
【例5】
誤:Johnson decided to quit smoking.he didnt want to die of lung cancer.
正:Johnson decided to quit smoking,because he didnt want to die of lung cancer.
3.懸垂修飾語
修飾語必須非常明確地修飾句子中的某一個詞或某一組詞。懸垂修飾是指修飾語與其邏輯主語之間產生意義上的矛盾,或者在句子初看好像修飾某個詞語,但實際上什么也沒有修飾,使修飾語處于懸浮狀態,無處著落。非謂語動詞或介詞短語作狀語時,其邏輯主語應該是句子的主語。如果句子的主語不能充當其邏輯主語,就得另加上邏輯主語,否則該非謂語動詞或介詞短語便是懸垂結構了。如:
【例1】
誤:To discover the truth about happiness,questions must be asked on how these competing ideas relate to reality.
正:To discover the truth about happiness,we must ask questions on how these competing ideas relate to reality.
【例2】
誤:When only a little girl,my father took me to New York.
正:When only a little girl,I was taken to New York by my father.
或:正:When I was only a little girl,my father took me to New York.
【例3】
誤:My term paper was finished after sitting up half the night.
正:After sitting up half the night,I finished my term paper.
【例4】
誤:Jogging slowly along the street,my eye was caught by many beautiful skirts.
正:Jogging slowly along the street,I caught sight of many beautiful skirts.
【例5】
誤:While traveling from Nanjing to Beijing,many new buildings could be seen.
正:While traveling from Nanjing to Beijing,I saw many new buildings.
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