高中英語語法:應用定語從句易犯的小錯誤
由于定語從句的結構和用法比較復雜,初學者在使用時往往容易犯一些錯誤,最常見的有如下七種:
一、在定語從句中加了多余的定語。如:
1.誤:Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.
正:Some of the boys I invited didn’t come.
譯:我邀請的男孩中有幾個沒有來。
析:應刪去them,因為從句的賓語是省略了的whom,who或that。 ?
2.誤:The book that you need it is in the library.
正:The book that you need is in the library.
譯:你需要的書在圖書館里。
析:應刪去it,因為從句的賓語是關系代詞that。
二、把定語從句謂語動詞的單、復數弄錯。如: ?
1.誤:Anyone who break the law will be punished.
正:Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
譯:任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。
析:應改break為breaks,因為who指anyone,是單數。 ?
2.誤:Those who has finished may go home.
正:Those who have finished may go home.
譯:做完了的人現在可以回家。
析:應改has為have,因為who指those,是復數。 ?
3.誤:He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.
正:He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.
譯:他是我們學校中唯一懂法語的人。
析:應改know為knows,因為one前有the only之類限定詞,定語從句在意義上修飾 的是the only one,是單數,而不是復數名詞the teachers。 ?
4.誤:This is one of the rooms that is free now.
正:This is one of the rooms that are free now.
譯:這是目前空著的房間之一。
析:應改is為are,因為one前沒有the only之類的限定詞,定語從句在意義上修飾的是名詞復數the rooms,而不是單數one。
三、誤省略了定語從句中作主語的'關系代詞。如:
1.誤:Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.
正:Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.
譯:吃糖多的孩子往往牙齒不好。
析:應加上關系代詞who或that,因為從句少主語,且主語不能省略。 ?
2.誤:The key opens the bike is missing.
正:The key that/which opens the bike is missing.
譯:開這輛自行車的鑰匙不見了。
析:應加上關系代詞that或which,因為從句少主語,且主語不能省略。
四、定語從句中加了多余的關系副詞或介詞。如:
1.誤:The house where he lives in needs repairing.
正:The house where he lives needs repairing.
或:The house he lives in needs repairing.
譯:他住的房子需要修理。
析:應保留where,刪去從句中的in,因為關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語,in屬多余。或刪去關系副詞where,因為where在這里的意思是in which,否則介詞in就重復了。
2.誤:I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.
正:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
或:I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.
譯:我仍記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景。
析:應刪去on,因為when在這里的意思是on which,否則介詞on就重復了,或把when改為which。 ?
五、在作先行詞的時間名詞或地點名詞后錯用了關系代詞或關系副詞。
1.誤:I still remember the day when we spent together.
正:I still remember the day that/which we spent together.
譯:我仍記得我們在一起度過的日子。
析:應改when為that或which,因為從句中謂語動詞spent是及物動詞,其后應跟賓語而不是時間狀語。 ?
2.誤:This is the house where we lived in last year.
正:This is the house which/that we lived in last year.
譯:這是我們去年住過的那個房子。
析:應改where為which或that,因為從句謂語動詞lived后有介詞in,其后少介詞賓語,而不是地點狀語。
六、在先行詞reason后錯用關系副詞why。如:
1.誤:Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?
正:Have you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence?
譯:你是否向他問過可以解釋他缺席的原因?
析:應改why為that或which,因為定語從句缺少主語,而不是少原因狀語。 2.誤:I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late.
正:I don’t believe the reason that/which he has given for his being late.
譯:我不相信他所提供的他遲到的原因。
析:應改why為that或which,因為從句謂語動詞has given后缺少賓語,而不是缺少原因狀語 。
七、誤將強調句型當定語從句。如:
1.誤:It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.
正:It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.
譯:大火發生在廚房。
析:應將where改that,因為原句還原為The fire broke out in the kitchen后,在語法和句意上均成立,故此題是強調句型,而非定語從句。 ?
2.誤:Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come?
正:Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come?
譯:你是否因昨晚下雪而沒有來?
析:應將when改為that,因為,原句還原為Because it snowed last night,you didn"t come后,在語法和句意上均成立,故此題是強調句型而非定語從句。
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